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When to stop the clock

EU ETS trading must be extended to all flights landing or taking off in any EU ETS member state, but …

EU ETS CO2 emission counting must “stop the clock” at a certain distance CO2 emission rules for flights outside EU ETS airspace must stop at a certain (great-circle) distance, e.g. beyond 5,000 km. This “stop the clock” policy avoids unfair competition from flights with intermediate stops outside the EU ETS. Otherwise, fuel efficient direct flights get unfair competition from less fuel efficient flights with intermediate stops. Continue reading “When to stop the clock”

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CO2 Emissions per route can be accurately established

Establishing aviation’s CO2 emissions

1. Measurements
All airlines of EU ETS member states keep already a record of their fuel bills. They are charged for every metric ton of kerosene that is estimated to produce an equivalent of 3.15 tons of CO2.

2. Flight distance
Fuel bills of airlines from outside the EU ETS member states are not available for verification. However, these airlines can be charged accurately Continue reading “CO2 Emissions per route can be accurately established”

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The Fuselage

Aircrafts look the same then 70 years ago

1. Airliner’s fuselages didn’t change for 70 years All current aircraft are Tube & Wing designs. A wing, which generates lift, a tube-like fuselage, which holds the load, and a balancing tail. Only small improvements were made to noses, cockpit windows, wing-root fairings and tail-cones. However, these  can not improve much further. Continue reading “The Fuselage”

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The price for kerosene defines the airliners that are built

Low prices for fuel and CO2 emissions make airlines focus on fuel-thirsty speeds

1. Airlines  always get what they wantAircrafts are designed around an airline’s business plan. Designers optimise an aircraft’s fuselage, it’s wings and engines to fly with a specific speed to gain an airline the highest profits. The higher it’s speed, the more fuel an aircraft consumes, but the lower are it’s other costs. Continue reading “The price for kerosene defines the airliners that are built”